"This round of dialogue is to turn the important consensus reached by the two heads of state into concrete achievements and to inject solid content into building a new type of major country relationship," Wang said.
He said China is willing to talk and listen to different opinions and accept the correct ones, adding that much of the dialogue it has had with the US and other countries has boosted the country's progress.
But he said Beijing will not accept "those voices that shake China's fundamental system and harm its national interest".
Danny Russel, confirmed by the Senate on Tuesday as the new US assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, was among many senior US officials in the audience. The public schedules of senior State Department officials showed most of them are involved in the dialogue.
In an article in The Wall Street Journal on Wednesday, Vice-Premier Wang wrote, "A bright future awaits China-US relations if we join hands and work together."
Wang did not shy away from differences, such as views on the trade imbalance, the protection of intellectual property rights, US restrictions on high-tech exports to China and Chinese investment in the US.
"The only way to resolve such disagreements is to enhance communication, deepen mutual understanding and promote mutual trust," Wang wrote.
Guan Qingyou, assistant dean of the Minsheng Securities Research Institute, said that in the article Wang raised concerns by China and the United States toward each other.
Officials from both sides held extensive talks on Monday and Tuesday on a number of issues before Wang and Yang arrived at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland on Tuesday, accompanied by a large Chinese delegation.
A bilateral working group on cybersecurity met for the first time on Monday, while the third China-US Strategic Security Dialogue, chaired by Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Zhang Yesui and US Deputy Secretary of State William Burns, was held on Tuesday.
This brought senior civilian and military officials from the two countries together for discussions on sensitive security issues.
Wild Siberian tiger kills cattle in NE China